What is Periodontal Disease?
The term periodontal means “around the tooth.” Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection that affects the gums, teeth, and bone structures that support them. It starts with plaque, a sticky film of food particles, bacteria, and saliva that forms on teeth throughout the day. If not removed, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which can lead to gum and bone damage.
The disease is often painless in its early stages, making it easy to overlook. In fact, four out of five people have periodontal disease without even realizing it. If left untreated, it’s the leading cause of tooth loss.
Risks Beyond Your Teeth
Recent studies suggest that periodontal disease may also contribute to serious health issues, including:
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Increased risk during pregnancy
Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
Look out for the following warning signs:
- Bleeding Gums: Gums that bleed, even with gentle brushing or flossing.
- Loose Teeth: Teeth may feel loose due to weakening of the fibers that hold them in place.
- New Spaces Between Teeth: Caused by bone loss around the teeth.
- Persistent Bad Breath: Caused by bacteria buildup in the mouth.
- Tender or Receding Gums: Inflammation of the gums that leads to gum tissue loss.
- Pus on Teeth and Gums: A sign of severe bacterial infection.
Prevention and Treatment
Fortunately, good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups can help prevent periodontal disease or stop it from progressing.
